Probability

An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications

Introduction to Probability and Mathematical Statistics

Notes

Rigorous graduate-level probability + statistics; useful for inference and ML foundations.

Probability Theory: The Logic of Science

Noisy Turing Machines: Noisy Logic Gates

Analyzing how Bernoulli Boolean types propagate through logic circuits, with correctness probabilities for noisy AND gates and interval arithmetic for composed circuits.

The Bernoulli Model: A Probabilistic Framework for Data Structures and Types

The Bernoulli Model is a framework for reasoning about probabilistic data structures by treating noisy outputs as Bernoulli-distributed approximations of latent values, from Booleans to set-indicator functions.

The Bernoulli Model: A Probabilistic Framework for Data Structures and Types

The Bernoulli Model is a framework for reasoning about probabilistic data structures by treating noisy outputs as Bernoulli-distributed approximations of latent values, from Booleans to set-indicator functions.

algebraic.dist: Distributions as Algebraic Objects in R

An R package that treats probability distributions as algebraic objects. They compose through standard operations. The algebra preserves distributional structure.